MySQL / PHP複数の列から一意の値のみを選択し、それらを別々の配列に配置します

それを1つのSQLステートメントとして保持したい場合は、次のことができます。

$sql = "
    SELECT DISTINCT 'make' as descr,make as val FROM items
    UNION
    SELECT DISTINCT 'model' as descr,model as val FROM items
    UNION
    SELECT DISTINCT 'year' as descr,year as val FROM items
    UNION
    SELECT DISTINCT 'month' as descr,month as val FROM items
    UNION
    SELECT DISTINCT 'day' as descr,day as val FROM items
    UNION
    SELECT DISTINCT 'hour' as descr,hour as val FROM items";

$result = @mysql_query($sql, $con) or die(mysql_error());

while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {
    $make_array[$row['descr']][]=$row['val'];
}