T-SQLの行の以前の値を使用して値を計算する

再帰CTEに少なくともSQLServer2005を想定：

;with cteCalculation as (
    select t.Id, t.Date, t.Column1, t.Column1 as Column2
        from YourTable t
        where t.Id = 1
    union all
    select t.Id, t.Date, t.Column1, (1+t.Column1)*(1+c.Column2) as Column2
        from YourTable t
            inner join cteCalculation c
                on t.Id-1 = c.id
)
select c.Id, c.Date, c.Column1, c.Column2
    from cteCalculation c