テーブルに NULL 値があります
これを試してください
SELECT id, name
FROM vw_x
WHERE id NOT IN (select pid from table_x where pid is not null)
GROUP BY id, name
Having max(c_date) > GETDATE()
またはこれ
SELECT id, name
FROM vw_x
WHERE NOT EXISTS (select 1 from table_x where pid = vw_x.id )
GROUP BY id, name
Having max(c_date) > GETDATE()