1つのクエリで複数の行を更新しますが、期待する入力は複数のデータのjsonオブジェクトからのものです

jsonドキュメントに基づいて一括挿入を行うことができます。質問に示されている形式は奇妙で実用的ではないため、ドキュメントを再形式化する必要があります。

完全な実例：

create table example(id int primary key, email text, last_name text, first_name text);

with jsondata(jdata) as (
    values
    (
    '[
        {"id": 1, "email": "[[email protected]]", "first_name": "John", "last_name": "Doe"},
        {"id": 2, "email": "[[email protected]]", "first_name": "Robert", "last_name": "Duncan"},
        {"id": 3, "email": "[[email protected]]", "first_name": "Ram", "last_name": "Das"},
        {"id": 4, "email": "[[email protected]]", "first_name": "Albert", "last_name": "Pinto"},
        {"id": 5, "email": "[[email protected]]", "first_name": "Robert", "last_name": "Peter"},
        {"id": 6, "email": "[[email protected]]", "first_name": "Christian", "last_name": "Lint"},
        {"id": 7, "email": "[[email protected]]", "first_name": "Mike", "last_name": "Hussey"},
        {"id": 8, "email": "[[email protected]]", "first_name": "Ralph", "last_name": "Hunter"}
    ]'::jsonb)
)

insert into example 
select (elem->>'id')::int, elem->>'email', elem->>'last_name', elem->>'first_name'
from jsondata,
jsonb_array_elements(jdata) as elem;

結果：

select *
from example

 id |     email     | last_name | first_name 
----+---------------+-----------+------------
  1 | [[email protected]] | Doe       | John
  2 | [[email protected]] | Duncan    | Robert
  3 | [[email protected]] | Das       | Ram
  4 | [[email protected]] | Pinto     | Albert
  5 | [[email protected]] | Peter     | Robert
  6 | [[email protected]] | Lint      | Christian
  7 | [[email protected]] | Hussey    | Mike
  8 | [[email protected]] | Hunter    | Ralph
(8 rows)    

（テーブルに挿入する代わりに）テーブルを更新する場合：

with jsondata(jdata) as (
    -- values as above
)

update example set
    email = elem->>'email', 
    last_name = elem->>'last_name', 
    first_name = elem->>'first_name'
from jsondata,
jsonb_array_elements(jdata) as elem
where id = (elem->>'id')::int;