問題は、矢印関数が字句を使用していることです https: //developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Arrow_functions
変更
userSchema.pre("save", (next) => {
const currentDate = new Date
this.updated_at = currentDate.now
next()
})
に
userSchema.pre("save", function (next) {
const currentDate = new Date()
this.updated_at = currentDate.now
next()
})