上位5つの給与と下位5つの給与の両方を組み合わせてOracleに表示するにはどうすればよいですか？

UNIONを使用する またはUNION ALL ：

SELECT SAL FROM
(
SELECT DISTINCT SAL FROM EMP WHERE SAL IS NOT NULL ORDER BY SAL DESC
)
WHERE ROWNUM < 6
UNION ALL
SELECT SAL FROM
(
SELECT DISTINCT SAL FROM EMP WHERE SAL IS NOT NULL ORDER BY SAL ASC
)
WHERE ROWNUM < 6;

これをより簡潔に次のように書くこともできます：

SELECT SAL
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT SAL,
             DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY sal) as seqnum_asc,
             DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY sal) as seqnum_desc
      FROM EMP
      WHERE SAL IS NOT NULL
     ) s
WHERE seqnum_asc < 6 OR seqnum_desc < 6;