mysqlから数値データのみを選択する方法は？

値を正規表現と照合するユーザー定義関数を作成することをお勧めします。

CREATE FUNCTION IsNumeric (sIn varchar(1024)) RETURNS tinyint 
   RETURN sIn REGEXP '^(-|\\+){0,1}([0-9]+\\.[0-9]*|[0-9]*\\.[0-9]+|[0-9]+)$'; 

出典：MySQLフォーラム::MicrosoftSQL Server ::IsNumeric（ ）MySQLの句？

真実のテスト：

mysql> SELECT ISNUMERIC('1');
+----------------+
| ISNUMERIC('1') |
+----------------+
|              1 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> SELECT ISNUMERIC(25);
+---------------+
| ISNUMERIC(25) |
+---------------+
|             1 |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ISNUMERIC('-100');
+-----------------+
| ISNUMERIC(-100) |
+-----------------+
|               1 |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> SELECT ISNUMERIC('1.5');
+------------------+
| ISNUMERIC('1.5') |
+------------------+
|                1 |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ISNUMERIC('-1.5');
+-------------------+
| ISNUMERIC('-1.5') |
+-------------------+
|                 1 |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

偽のテスト：

mysql> SELECT ISNUMERIC('a');
+----------------+
| ISNUMERIC('a') |
+----------------+
|              0 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> SELECT ISNUMERIC('a1');
+-----------------+
| ISNUMERIC('a1') |
+-----------------+
|               0 |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ISNUMERIC('10a');
+------------------+
| ISNUMERIC('10a') |
+------------------+
|                0 |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ISNUMERIC('0.a');
+------------------+
| ISNUMERIC('0.a') |
+------------------+
|                0 |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ISNUMERIC('a.0');
+------------------+
| ISNUMERIC('a.0') |
+------------------+
|                0 |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)