WHEREステートメントなしのINT比較

これを試してください：

SELECT
  emp.name AS '## Name',
  (SELECT COUNT(*)     
   FROM project p JOIN employee e ON p.number = e.number
   WHERE e.name = emp.name 
     AND datediff(str_to_date(p.dateEnded, '%Y-%m-%d'), e.dateStarted) = 0
   ) AS 'Day 0'
  ,(SELECT COUNT(*)
    FROM project p JOIN employee e ON p.number = e.number
    WHERE e.name = emp.name 
      AND datediff(str_to_date(p.dateEnded, '%Y-%m-%d'), e.dateStarted) = 1
   ) AS 'Day 1'
  ,(SELECT COUNT(*)
    FROM project p JOIN employee e ON p.number = e.number
    WHERE e.name = emp.name 
      AND datediff(str_to_date(p.dateEnded, '%Y-%m-%d'), e.dateStarted) = 2
   ) AS 'Day 2'
  ,(SELECT COUNT(*)
    FROM project p JOIN employee e ON p.number = e.number
    WHERE e.name = emp.name 
      AND datediff(str_to_date(p.dateEnded, '%Y-%m-%d'), e.dateStarted) = 3
   ) AS 'Day 3'
  ,(SELECT COUNT(*)
    FROM project p JOIN employee e ON p.number = e.number
    WHERE e.name = emp.name 
      AND datediff(str_to_date(p.dateEnded, '%Y-%m-%d'), e.dateStarted) = 4
   ) AS 'Day 4'
  ,(SELECT COUNT(*)
    FROM project p JOIN employee e ON p.number = e.number
    WHERE e.name = emp.name 
      AND datediff(str_to_date(p.dateEnded, '%Y-%m-%d'), e.dateStarted) >= 5
   ) AS 'Day 5'
FROM employee emp
GROUP BY emp.name

SQLFiddleデモ を参照してください。 （-提供された情報に基づいてデータにいくつかの仮定をしました。）