MySQLの
SET @prev := NULL;
SELECT
DATE(created_at),
price - COALESCE(@prev, price) AS price_change,
name,
(@prev := price) AS price FROM (
SELECT * FROM items ORDER BY DATE(created_at)
) t1
GROUP BY
name, price, DATE(created_at)
HAVING name = 'Ibuprofen'
ORDER BY DATE(created_at);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
構文をチェックしていないので少しずれているかもしれませんが、それが一般的な考え方です。注文できるように日付を追加しました。そうしないと、結果が意味をなさない場合があります。
編集:
これを私のマシンで実行しただけです:
SET @prev := NULL;
SELECT
DATE(created_at),
price - COALESCE(@prev, price) AS price_change,
name,
(@prev := price) AS price FROM (
SELECT * FROM items ORDER BY DATE(created_at)
) t1
GROUP BY
name, price, DATE(created_at)
HAVING name = 'Ibuprofen'
ORDER BY DATE(created_at);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+------------------+--------------+-----------+-------+
| DATE(created_at) | price_change | name | price |
+------------------+--------------+-----------+-------+
| 2018-12-10 | 0 | Ibuprofen | 110 |
| 2018-12-13 | -10 | Ibuprofen | 100 |
| 2018-12-13 | 20 | Ibuprofen | 120 |
+------------------+--------------+-----------+-------+
3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
SELECT * FROM items;
+----+-------+----------------+---------------------+
| id | price | name | created_at |
+----+-------+----------------+---------------------+
| 8 | 100 | Ibuprofen | 2018-12-13 12:52:35 |
| 9 | 110 | Ibuprofen | 2018-12-10 12:12:12 |
| 10 | 120 | Ibuprofen | 2018-12-13 12:52:35 |
| 11 | 1000 | Something else | 2018-12-13 13:01:19 |
+----+-------+----------------+---------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)