MySQLは特定のルールの行の後に選択します

これを確認してください：

WITH cte AS (
SELECT DATE(t1.`timestamp` - INTERVAL 5 HOUR) `date`,
       MAX(t1.`timestamp`) login, 
       MAX(t2.`timestamp`) online, 
       MAX(t3.`timestamp`) logout
FROM logging t1
JOIN logging t2 ON t1.`timestamp` < t2.`timestamp`
JOIN logging t3 ON t2.`timestamp` < t3.`timestamp`
WHERE t1.status = 'login'
  AND t2.status = 'online'
  AND t3.status = 'logout'
  AND NOT EXISTS ( SELECT NULL
                   FROM logging t4
                   WHERE t1.`timestamp` < t4.`timestamp`
                     AND t4.`timestamp` < t2.`timestamp`
                     AND t4.status IN ('login', 'online', 'logout') )
  AND NOT EXISTS ( SELECT NULL
                   FROM logging t5
                   WHERE t2.`timestamp` < t5.`timestamp`
                     AND t5.`timestamp` < t3.`timestamp`
                     AND t5.status IN ('login', 'logout') )
GROUP BY `date`
)
SELECT `date`,
       online,
       CASE WHEN DATE(online - INTERVAL 5 HOUR) = DATE(logout - INTERVAL '04:59:59' HOUR_SECOND)
            THEN logout
            ELSE DATE(online + INTERVAL 19 HOUR) + INTERVAL '04:59:59' HOUR_SECOND
            END logout
FROM cte

フィドル

CTEは可視性のためにのみ使用されます。すべてを1つのクエリに組み合わせることができます。