条件に基づいて挿入する方法は？

insert selectを使用できます このようなステートメント：

$db
->prepare("INSERT INTO
             events (post_id, table_code, other_id, user_id, author_id, date_time )
             select ?, 15, ?, ?, ?, UNIX_TIMESTAMP()
              UNION ALL
             select ?, 15, ?, ?, ?, UNIX_TIMESTAMP()
               from (select 1) as a
              where 1=?
")->execute(array($answer_id, $answer_id, $author_ques_id, $author_ques_id,
                  $answer_id, $answer_id, $author_ques_id, $author_ans_id,
                  ($yourCondition?1:0) ));