この記事では、Ubuntu 20.04 / 18.04/16.04にPostgreSQL12をインストールする方法を紹介します。 PostgreSQLはオープンソースのデータベースシステムであり、他のリレーショナルデータベースシステムと同様に強力です。
postgreSQL12のリリースページを表示できます。
UbuntuにPostgreSQL12をインストールする手順
ステップ1：Ubuntuシステムを更新する
PostgreSQLをインストールする前にシステムを更新することを常にお勧めします。
sudo apt update
ステップ2：必要なパッケージをインストールする
sudo apt -y install vim bash-completion wget
パッケージがすでにインストールされている場合は、以下の出力が表示されます。無視してかまいません。
サンプル出力：
root@PostgreSQL:~# sudo apt -y install vim bash-completion wget Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done bash-completion is already the newest version (1:2.11-2ubuntu1). vim is already the newest version (2:8.2.0716-3ubuntu2). wget is already the newest version (1.20.3-1ubuntu1). wget set to manually installed. The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required: virtualbox-guest-utils Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 212 not upgraded. root@PostgreSQL:~#
ステップ3：PostgreSQL12リポジトリを追加する
wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ `lsb_release -cs`-pgdg main" |sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list
ステップ4：PostgreSQL12をUbuntuにインストールする
sudo apt update sudo apt -y install postgresql-12 postgresql-client-12
サンプル出力：
root@PostgreSQL:~# sudo apt -y install postgresql-12 postgresql-client-12 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required: virtualbox-guest-utils Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it. The following additional packages will be installed: libcommon-sense-perl libjson-perl libjson-xs-perl libpq5 libtypes-serialiser-perl pgdg-keyring postgresql-client-common postgresql-common sysstat Suggested packages: postgresql-doc-12 isag The following NEW packages will be installed: libcommon-sense-perl libjson-perl libjson-xs-perl libpq5 libtypes-serialiser-perl pgdg-keyring postgresql-12 postgresql-client-12 postgresql-client-common postgresql-common sysstat 0 upgraded, 11 newly installed, 0 to remove and 212 not upgraded. Need to get 17.5 MB of archives. After this operation, 59.4 MB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt groovy-pgdg/main amd64 libpq5 amd64 13.3-1.pgdg20.10+1 [177 kB] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 libcommon-sense-perl amd64 3.75-1build2 [20.5 kB] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 libjson-perl all 4.02000-2 [80.9 kB] Get:4 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt groovy-pgdg/main amd64 pgdg-keyring all 2018.2 [10.7 kB] Get:5 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt groovy-pgdg/main amd64 postgresql-client-common all 226.pgdg20.10+1 [90.6 kB] Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 libtypes-serialiser-perl all 1.0-1 [12.1 kB] Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 libjson-xs-perl amd64 4.020-1build1 [83.7 kB] Get:8 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt groovy-pgdg/main amd64 postgresql-client-12 amd64 12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1 [1,429 kB] Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 sysstat amd64 12.4.0-1 [471 kB] Get:10 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt groovy-pgdg/main amd64 postgresql-common all 226.pgdg20.10+1 [246 kB] Get:11 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt groovy-pgdg/main amd64 postgresql-12 amd64 12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1 [14.9 MB] Fetched 17.5 MB in 15s (1,141 kB/s) Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously unselected package libcommon-sense-perl. (Reading database ... 192977 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../00-libcommon-sense-perl_3.75-1build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libcommon-sense-perl (3.75-1build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libjson-perl. Preparing to unpack .../01-libjson-perl_4.02000-2_all.deb ... Unpacking libjson-perl (4.02000-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libtypes-serialiser-perl. Preparing to unpack .../02-libtypes-serialiser-perl_1.0-1_all.deb ... Unpacking libtypes-serialiser-perl (1.0-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libjson-xs-perl. Preparing to unpack .../03-libjson-xs-perl_4.020-1build1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libjson-xs-perl (4.020-1build1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libpq5:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../04-libpq5_13.3-1.pgdg20.10+1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libpq5:amd64 (13.3-1.pgdg20.10+1) ... Selecting previously unselected package pgdg-keyring. Preparing to unpack .../05-pgdg-keyring_2018.2_all.deb ... Unpacking pgdg-keyring (2018.2) ... Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-client-common. Preparing to unpack .../06-postgresql-client-common_226.pgdg20.10+1_all.deb ... Unpacking postgresql-client-common (226.pgdg20.10+1) ... Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-client-12. Preparing to unpack .../07-postgresql-client-12_12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1_amd64.deb .. . Unpacking postgresql-client-12 (12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1) ... Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-common. Preparing to unpack .../08-postgresql-common_226.pgdg20.10+1_all.deb ... Adding 'diversion of /usr/bin/pg_config to /usr/bin/pg_config.libpq-dev by post gresql-common' Unpacking postgresql-common (226.pgdg20.10+1) ... Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-12. Preparing to unpack .../09-postgresql-12_12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking postgresql-12 (12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1) ... Selecting previously unselected package sysstat. Preparing to unpack .../10-sysstat_12.4.0-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking sysstat (12.4.0-1) ... Setting up pgdg-keyring (2018.2) ... Removing apt.postgresql.org key from trusted.gpg: OK Setting up libpq5:amd64 (13.3-1.pgdg20.10+1) ... Setting up libcommon-sense-perl (3.75-1build2) ... Setting up libtypes-serialiser-perl (1.0-1) ... Setting up libjson-perl (4.02000-2) ... Setting up sysstat (12.4.0-1) ... Creating config file /etc/default/sysstat with new version update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/sar.sysstat to provide /usr/bin/sar (sar) i n auto mode Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sysstat.service.wants/sysstat-collect.timer → /lib/systemd/system/sysstat-collect.timer. Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sysstat.service.wants/sysstat-summary.timer → /lib/systemd/system/sysstat-summary.timer. Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/sysstat.service → / lib/systemd/system/sysstat.service. Setting up postgresql-client-common (226.pgdg20.10+1) ... Setting up libjson-xs-perl (4.020-1build1) ... Setting up postgresql-client-12 (12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/share/postgresql/12/man/man1/psql.1.gz to provi de /usr/share/man/man1/psql.1.gz (psql.1.gz) in auto mode Setting up postgresql-common (226.pgdg20.10+1) ... Adding user postgres to group ssl-cert Creating config file /etc/postgresql-common/createcluster.conf with new version Building PostgreSQL dictionaries from installed myspell/hunspell packages... en_us Removing obsolete dictionary files: Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql.service → /lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service. Setting up postgresql-12 (12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1) ... Creating new PostgreSQL cluster 12/main ... /usr/lib/postgresql/12/bin/initdb -D /var/lib/postgresql/12/main --auth-local p eer --auth-host md5 The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres". This user must also own the server process. The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8". The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8". The default text search configuration will be set to "english". Data page checksums are disabled. fixing permissions on existing directory /var/lib/postgresql/12/main ... ok creating subdirectories ... ok selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix selecting default max_connections ... 100 selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB selecting default time zone ... America/New_York creating configuration files ... ok running bootstrap script ... ok performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok syncing data to disk ... ok Success. You can now start the database server using: pg_ctlcluster 12 main start Ver Cluster Port Status Owner Data directory Log file 12 main 5432 down postgres /var/lib/postgresql/12/main /var/log/postgresq l/postgresql-12-main.log update-alternatives: using /usr/share/postgresql/12/man/man1/postmaster.1.gz to provide /usr/share/man/man1/postmaster.1.gz (postmaster.1.gz) in auto mode Processing triggers for systemd (246.6-1ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.3-2) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.32-0ubuntu3) ... root@PostgreSQL:~#
ステップ5：PostgreSQLサービスのステータスを確認する
systemctl status postgresql.service
サンプル出力：
root@PostgreSQL:~# systemctl status postgresql.service ● postgresql.service - PostgreSQL RDBMS Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service; enabled; vendor p> Active: active (exited) since Sun 2021-05-16 09:17:56 EDT; 1min 56s ago Main PID: 10932 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Tasks: 0 (limit: 4648) Memory: 0B CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql.service May 16 09:17:56 PostgreSQL systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL RDBMS... May 16 09:17:56 PostgreSQL systemd[1]: Finished PostgreSQL RDBMS. root@PostgreSQL:~#
ステップ6：PostgreSQLを接続する
sudo su - postgres
ステップ7：PostgreSQLパスワードをリセットする
パスワードを強力なパスワードにリセットすることをお勧めします
psql -c "alter user postgres with password 'StrongAdminP@ssw0rd'"
サンプル出力：
root@PostgreSQL:~# sudo su - postgres postgres@PostgreSQL:~$ postgres@PostgreSQL:~$ psql -c "alter user postgres with password 'StrongAdminP@ssw0rd'" ALTER ROLE postgres@PostgreSQL:~$
ステップ8：PostgreSQLデータベースを作成する
$ psql $ CREATE DATABASE firsttestdb; $ CREATE USER testuser1 WITH ENCRYPTED PASSWORD 'MyDBP@ss0rd'; $ GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE firsttestdb to testuser1;
PostgreSQLデータベースを一覧表示します：
$\l
PostgreSQLデータベースに接続する方法：
\c firsttestdb
サンプル出力：
postgres=# \c firsttestdb You are now connected to database "firsttestdb" as user "postgres". firsttestdb=#
次に、PostgreSQLDBへのリモート接続を許可する方法を説明します。
ステップ9：PostgreSQLデータベースへのリモート接続を許可する
sudo nano /etc/postgresql/12/main/postgresql.conf
コメント解除行「listen_addresses=‘*’ 「
ファイルを保存してPostgreSQLサービスを再起動します
sudo systemctl restart postgresql
ステップ10：リスニングアドレスを確認する
netstat -tunelp | grep 5432
サンプル出力：
root@PostgreSQL:~# netstat -antple | grep 5432 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5432 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 135 253939 13850/postgres tcp6 0 0 :::5432 :::* LISTEN 135 253940 13850/postgres root@PostgreSQL:~#
記事の終わりに、Ubuntu 20.04 / 18.04/16.04にPostgreSQL12をインストールする方法を見てきました。