Postgresのヒントとコツ

ランダムデータを生成するさまざまな方法：

-- 100 random dice rolls
SELECT 1+(5 * random())::int FROM generate_series(1, 100);

-- 100 random text strings (each 32 chars long)
SELECT md5(random()::text) FROM generate_series(1, 100);

-- 100 random text strings (each 36 chars long)
SELECT uuid_generate_v4()::text FROM generate_series(1, 100);

-- 100 random small text strings of varying lengths
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS "pgcrypto";
SELECT gen_random_bytes(1+(9*random())::int)::text
  FROM generate_series(1, 100);

-- 100 random dates in 2019
SELECT DATE(
         DATE '2019-01-01' + ((random()*365)::int || ' days')::interval
       )
  FROM generate_series(1, 100);
  
-- 100 random 2-column data: 1st column integer and 2nd column string
WITH a AS (
  SELECT ARRAY(SELECT random() FROM generate_series(1,100))
),
b AS (
  SELECT ARRAY(SELECT md5(random()::text) FROM generate_series(1,100))
)
SELECT unnest(i), unnest(j)
  FROM a a(i), b b(j);

-- a daily count for 2020, generally increasing over time
SELECT i, ( (5+random()) * (row_number() over()) )::int
  FROM generate_series(DATE '2020-01-01', DATE '2020-12-31', INTERVAL '1 day')
       AS s(i);

bernoulliを使用する テーブルからランダムな数の行を選択するためのテーブルサンプリング：

-- select 15% of rows from the table, chosen randomly  
     SELECT *
       FROM purchases
TABLESAMPLE bernoulli(15)

generate_seriesを使用します 整数、日付、およびその他の増分可能な組み込み型の順次値を生成するには：

-- generate integers from 1 to 100
SELECT generate_series(1, 100);

-- call the generated values table as "s" with a column "i", to use in
-- CTEs and JOINs
SELECT i FROM generate_series(1, 100) AS s(i);

-- generate multiples of 3 in different ways
SELECT 3*i FROM generate_series(1, 100) AS s(i);
SELECT generate_series(1, 100, 3);

-- works with dates too: here are all the Mondays in 2020:
SELECT generate_series(DATE '2020-01-06', DATE '2020-12-31', INTERVAL '1 week');

SELECT relname, n_live_tup FROM pg_stat_user_tables;

-- get licenses that expire within the next 7 days
SELECT id
  FROM licenses
 WHERE expiry_date BETWEEN now() - INTERVAL '7 days' AND now();
 
-- extend expiry date
UPDATE licenses
   SET expiry_date = expiry_date + INTERVAL '1 year'
 WHERE id = 42;

-- add a constraint, set as "not valid"
ALTER TABLE players
            ADD CONSTRAINT fk__players_guilds
                           FOREIGN KEY (guild_id)
                            REFERENCES guilds(id)
            NOT VALID;

-- insert lots of rows into the table
COPY players FROM '/data/players.csv' (FORMAT CSV);

-- now validate the entire table
ALTER TABLE players
            VALIDATE CONSTRAINT fk__players_guilds;

-- dump the contents of a table to a CSV format file on the server
COPY players TO '/tmp/players.csv' (FORMAT CSV);

-- "header" adds a heading with column names
COPY players TO '/tmp/players.csv' (FORMAT CSV, HEADER);

-- use the psql command to save to your local machine
\copy players TO '~/players.csv' (FORMAT CSV);

-- can use a query instead of a table name
\copy ( SELECT id, name, score FROM players )
      TO '~/players.csv'
      ( FORMAT CSV );

-- the @> operator checks if the region of interest (a "polygon") contains
-- the person's location (a "point")
SELECT roi @> person_location FROM live_tracking;