MongoDB-ネストされた配列のフィールド値に基づいて配列オブジェクトのフィールドを更新します

これを試してください：

db.Product.findOneAndUpdate(
        { _id: 123 },
        {
            $set: {
                'variations.$[item].valueList.$[nameField].value': 'newRed',
                'variations.$[item].picture': 'newURL' // item is each object in variations which is being checked in arrayFilters.
            }
        },
        {
            arrayFilters: [{ 'item.valueList.value': 'oldRed' }, { 'nameField.value': 'oldRed' }],
            new: true
        }
   )

収集データ：

{
    "_id" : 123,
    "variations" : [ 
        {
            "id" : 1,
            "picture" : "https://example.picture.com",
            "valueList" : [ 
                {
                    "name" : "color",
                    "value" : "oldRed"
                }, 
                {
                    "name" : "size",
                    "value" : "M"
                }, 
                {
                    "name" : "color",
                    "value" : "oldRed"
                }
            ]
        }, 
        {
            "id" : 2,
            "picture" : "https://example.picture.com",
            "valueList" : [ 
                {
                    "name" : "color",
                    "value" : "black"
                }, 
                {
                    "name" : "size",
                    "value" : "M"
                }
            ]
        }, 
        {
            "id" : 3,
            "picture" : "https://example3.picture.com",
            "valueList" : [ 
                {
                    "name" : "color",
                    "value" : "oldRed"
                }, 
                {
                    "name" : "size",
                    "value" : "M"
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

結果：

/* 1 */
{
    "_id" : 123,
    "variations" : [ 
        {
            "id" : 1,
            "picture" : "newURL",
            "valueList" : [ 
                {
                    "name" : "color",
                    "value" : "newRed"
                }, 
                {
                    "name" : "size",
                    "value" : "M"
                }, 
                {
                    "name" : "color",
                    "value" : "newRed"
                }
            ]
        }, 
        {
            "id" : 2,
            "picture" : "https://example.picture.com",
            "valueList" : [ 
                {
                    "name" : "color",
                    "value" : "black"
                }, 
                {
                    "name" : "size",
                    "value" : "M"
                }
            ]
        }, 
        {
            "id" : 3,
            "picture" : "newURL",
            "valueList" : [ 
                {
                    "name" : "color",
                    "value" : "newRed"
                }, 
                {
                    "name" : "size",
                    "value" : "M"
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}