最も近い分に切り捨てて秒をゼロにし、分数を引いて1時間を過ぎた最も近い15分間隔に戻し、オフセットを適用できます。
SELECT TRUNC( current_timestamp, 'MI' )
- MOD( EXTRACT( MINUTE FROM current_timestamp ), 15 ) * INTERVAL '1' MINUTE
- INTERVAL '30' MINUTE
+ INTERVAL '59' SECOND AS start_time,
TRUNC( current_timestamp, 'MI' )
- MOD( EXTRACT( MINUTE FROM current_timestamp ), 15 ) * INTERVAL '1' MINUTE
- INTERVAL '15' MINUTE
+ INTERVAL '59' SECOND AS end_time,
current_timestamp
FROM DUAL
出力:
db <> fiddle こちら