総投票数に対して1つの数を増減するための更新トリガーを作成する方法

はい、after insert triggerを作成する必要があります そのために

delimiter //
create trigger total_votes_count after insert on votes
for each row
begin
 if (new.value == 1) then
   update posts set total_votes = total_votes+1 
   where id = new.id_post;
 elseif (new.value == -1) then
   update posts set total_votes = total_votes-1 
   where id = new.id_post;
 end if;
end;//

delimiter //

更新を処理するためにすべて同じままです、あなただけが何かをトリガーする必要があります

delimiter //
    create trigger total_votes_count_upd after update on votes
    for each row
    begin
     if (new.value == 1) then
       update posts set total_votes = total_votes+1 
       where id = new.id_post;
     elseif (new.value == -1) then
       update posts set total_votes = total_votes-1 
       where id = new.id_post;
     end if;
    end;//

    delimiter //

2つの投稿テーブルがあるので、if条件でそれを使用する必要があります

delimiter //
create trigger total_votes_count after insert on votes
for each row
begin
 if (new.value == 1) then
   if (new.table_name == 'post_A') then 
     update posts_A set total_votes = total_votes+1 
     where id = new.id_post;
   else
     update posts_B set total_votes = total_votes+1 
     where id = new.id_post;
   end if;
 elseif (new.value == -1) then
   if (new.table_name == 'post_A') then
      update posts_A set total_votes = total_votes-1 
      where id = new.id_post;
   else
      update posts_B set total_votes = total_votes-1 
      where id = new.id_post;
   end if ; 
 end if;
end;//

delimiter //

更新トリガーについても同じようにします。