MySQLは最新の会話メッセージを取得します

これを試してください

SELECT * FROM
messageTable
WHERE from_id='abc123'
AND `time` = ( SELECT MAX(`time`) FROM messageTable WHERE from_id='abc123' )

UNION ALL

SELECT * FROM
messageTable
WHERE to_id='abc123'
AND `time` = ( SELECT MAX(`time`) FROM messageTable WHERE to_id='abc123' )