SQLServerデータベースの増大に応じてデータ収集を自動化する方法

はじめに

多くの場合、すべてのデータベースのすべてのテーブルとファイルの増加を制御する必要があります。

この記事では、SQLServerデータベースのテーブルとファイルの増大に伴うデータ収集を自動化する方法の例を探ります。

ソリューション

1. 各データベースのすべてのテーブルのサイズに関するビューを作成します

   USE [DATABASE_NAME]
   GO
   
   SET ANSI_NULLS ON
   GO
   
   SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
   GO
   
   
   CREATE view [inf].[vTableSize] as
   with pagesizeKB as (
   	SELECT low / 1024 as PageSizeKB
   	FROM master.dbo.spt_values
   	WHERE number = 1 AND type = 'E'
   )
   ,f_size as (
   	select p.[object_id], 
   		   sum([total_pages]) as TotalPageSize,
   		   sum([used_pages])  as UsedPageSize,
   		   sum([data_pages])  as DataPageSize
   	from sys.partitions p join sys.allocation_units a on p.partition_id = a.container_id
   	left join sys.internal_tables it on p.object_id = it.object_id
   	WHERE OBJECTPROPERTY(p.[object_id], N'IsUserTable') = 1
   	group by p.[object_id]
   )
   ,tbl as (
   	SELECT
   	  t.[schema_id],
   	  t.[object_id],
   	  i1.rowcnt as CountRows,
   	  (COALESCE(SUM(i1.reserved), 0) + COALESCE(SUM(i2.reserved), 0)) * (select top(1) PageSizeKB from pagesizeKB) as ReservedKB,
   	  (COALESCE(SUM(i1.dpages), 0) + COALESCE(SUM(i2.used), 0)) * (select top(1) PageSizeKB from pagesizeKB) as DataKB,
   	  ((COALESCE(SUM(i1.used), 0) + COALESCE(SUM(i2.used), 0))
   	    - (COALESCE(SUM(i1.dpages), 0) + COALESCE(SUM(i2.used), 0))) * (select top(1) PageSizeKB from pagesizeKB) as IndexSizeKB,
   	  ((COALESCE(SUM(i1.reserved), 0) + COALESCE(SUM(i2.reserved), 0))
   	    - (COALESCE(SUM(i1.used), 0) + COALESCE(SUM(i2.used), 0))) * (select top(1) PageSizeKB from pagesizeKB) as UnusedKB
   	FROM sys.tables as t
   	LEFT OUTER JOIN sysindexes as i1 ON i1.id = t.[object_id] AND i1.indid < 2
   	LEFT OUTER JOIN sysindexes as i2 ON i2.id = t.[object_id] AND i2.indid = 255
   	WHERE OBJECTPROPERTY(t.[object_id], N'IsUserTable') = 1
   	OR (OBJECTPROPERTY(t.[object_id], N'IsView') = 1 AND OBJECTPROPERTY(t.[object_id], N'IsIndexed') = 1)
   	GROUP BY t.[schema_id], t.[object_id], i1.rowcnt
   )
   SELECT
     @@Servername AS Server,
     DB_NAME() AS DBName,
     SCHEMA_NAME(t.[schema_id]) as SchemaName,
     OBJECT_NAME(t.[object_id]) as TableName,
     t.CountRows,
     t.ReservedKB,
     t.DataKB,
     t.IndexSizeKB,
     t.UnusedKB,
     f.TotalPageSize*(select top(1) PageSizeKB from pagesizeKB) as TotalPageSizeKB,
     f.UsedPageSize*(select top(1) PageSizeKB from pagesizeKB) as UsedPageSizeKB,
     f.DataPageSize*(select top(1) PageSizeKB from pagesizeKB) as DataPageSizeKB
   FROM f_size as f
   inner join tbl as t on t.[object_id]=f.[object_id]
   
   GO

2. 特定のデータベースを作成し、すべてのデータベーステーブルの拡張に関する情報を格納するためのテーブルを決定します。

   USE [DATABASE_NAME]
   GO
   
   SET ANSI_NULLS ON
   GO
   
   SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
   GO
   
   SET ANSI_PADDING ON
   GO
   
   CREATE TABLE [srv].[TableStatistics](
   	[Row_GUID] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL CONSTRAINT [DF_TableStatistics_Row_GUID]  DEFAULT (newid()),
   	[ServerName] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL,
   	[DBName] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL,
   	[SchemaName] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL,
   	[TableName] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL,
   	[CountRows] [bigint] NOT NULL,
   	[DataKB] [int] NOT NULL,
   	[IndexSizeKB] [int] NOT NULL,
   	[UnusedKB] [int] NOT NULL,
   	[ReservedKB] [int] NOT NULL,
   	[InsertUTCDate] [datetime] NOT NULL CONSTRAINT [DF_TableStatistics_InsertUTCDate]  DEFAULT (getutcdate()),
   	[Date]  AS (CONVERT([date],[InsertUTCDate])) PERSISTED,
   	[CountRowsBack] [bigint] NULL,
   	[CountRowsNext] [bigint] NULL,
   	[DataKBBack] [int] NULL,
   	[DataKBNext] [int] NULL,
   	[IndexSizeKBBack] [int] NULL,
   	[IndexSizeKBNext] [int] NULL,
   	[UnusedKBBack] [int] NULL,
   	[UnusedKBNext] [int] NULL,
   	[ReservedKBBack] [int] NULL,
   	[ReservedKBNext] [int] NULL,
   	[AvgCountRows]  AS ((([CountRowsBack]+[CountRows])+[CountRowsNext])/(3)) PERSISTED,
   	[AvgDataKB]  AS ((([DataKBBack]+[DataKB])+[DataKBNext])/(3)) PERSISTED,
   	[AvgIndexSizeKB]  AS ((([IndexSizeKBBack]+[IndexSizeKB])+[IndexSizeKBNext])/(3)) PERSISTED,
   	[AvgUnusedKB]  AS ((([UnusedKBBack]+[UnusedKB])+[UnusedKBNext])/(3)) PERSISTED,
   	[AvgReservedKB]  AS ((([ReservedKBBack]+[ReservedKB])+[ReservedKBNext])/(3)) PERSISTED,
   	[DiffCountRows]  AS (([CountRowsNext]+[CountRowsBack])-(2)*[CountRows]) PERSISTED,
   	[DiffDataKB]  AS (([DataKBNext]+[DataKBBack])-(2)*[DataKB]) PERSISTED,
   	[DiffIndexSizeKB]  AS (([IndexSizeKBNext]+[IndexSizeKBBack])-(2)*[IndexSizeKB]) PERSISTED,
   	[DiffUnusedKB]  AS (([UnusedKBNext]+[UnusedKBBack])-(2)*[UnusedKB]) PERSISTED,
   	[DiffReservedKB]  AS (([ReservedKBNext]+[ReservedKBBack])-(2)*[ReservedKB]) PERSISTED,
   	[TotalPageSizeKB] [int] NULL,
   	[TotalPageSizeKBBack] [int] NULL,
   	[TotalPageSizeKBNext] [int] NULL,
   	[UsedPageSizeKB] [int] NULL,
   	[UsedPageSizeKBBack] [int] NULL,
   	[UsedPageSizeKBNext] [int] NULL,
   	[DataPageSizeKB] [int] NULL,
   	[DataPageSizeKBBack] [int] NULL,
   	[DataPageSizeKBNext] [int] NULL,
   	[AvgDataPageSizeKB]  AS ((([DataPageSizeKBBack]+[DataPageSizeKB])+[DataPageSizeKBNext])/(3)) PERSISTED,
   	[AvgUsedPageSizeKB]  AS ((([UsedPageSizeKBBack]+[UsedPageSizeKB])+[UsedPageSizeKBNext])/(3)) PERSISTED,
   	[AvgTotalPageSizeKB]  AS ((([TotalPageSizeKBBack]+[TotalPageSizeKB])+[TotalPageSizeKBNext])/(3)) PERSISTED,
   	[DiffDataPageSizeKB]  AS (([DataPageSizeKBNext]+[DataPageSizeKBBack])-(2)*[DataPageSizeKB]) PERSISTED,--shows as the casting is changed
   	[DiffUsedPageSizeKB]  AS (([UsedPageSizeKBNext]+[UsedPageSizeKBBack])-(2)*[UsedPageSizeKB]) PERSISTED,--shows as the casting is changed
   	[DiffTotalPageSizeKB]  AS (([TotalPageSizeKBNext]+[TotalPageSizeKBBack])-(2)*[TotalPageSizeKB]) PERSISTED,--shows as the casting is changed
    CONSTRAINT [PK_TableStatistics] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
   (
   	[Row_GUID] ASC
   )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
   ) ON [PRIMARY]
   
   GO
   
   SET ANSI_PADDING ON
   GO

   TotalPageSizeKBはテーブルサイズを示します。

   すべてのデータベーステーブルのTotalPageSizeKBの合計+システムテーブルのサイズ=データベースデータのサイズ。

3. 情報を収集する手順を決定します。

   USE [DATABASE_NAME]
   GO
   
   SET ANSI_NULLS ON
   GO
   
   SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
   GO
   
   CREATE PROCEDURE [srv].[InsertTableStatistics]
   AS
   BEGIN
   	SET NOCOUNT ON;
   	SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED;
   
   	declare @dt date=CAST(GetUTCDate() as date);
       declare @dbs nvarchar(255);
   	declare @sql nvarchar(max);
   
   	select [name]
   	into #dbs
   	from sys.databases;
   
   	while(exists(select top(1) 1 from #dbs))
   	begin
   		select top(1)
   		@dbs=[name]
   		from #dbs;
   
   		set @sql=
   		N'INSERT INTO [srv].[TableStatistics]
   	         ([ServerName]
   			   ,[DBName]
   	         ,[SchemaName]
   	         ,[TableName]
   	         ,[CountRows]
   	         ,[DataKB]
   	         ,[IndexSizeKB]
   	         ,[UnusedKB]
   	         ,[ReservedKB]
   			 ,[TotalPageSizeKB]
   			 ,[UsedPageSizeKB]
   			 ,[DataPageSizeKB])
   	   SELECT [Server]
   		  ,[DBName]
   	         ,[SchemaName]
   	         ,[TableName]
   	         ,[CountRows]
   	         ,[DataKB]
   	         ,[IndexSizeKB]
   	         ,[UnusedKB]
   	         ,[ReservedKB]
   			 ,[TotalPageSizeKB]
   			 ,[UsedPageSizeKB]
   			 ,[DataPageSizeKB]
   		FROM ['[email protected]+'].[inf].[vTableSize];';
   
   		exec sp_executesql @sql;
   
   		delete from #dbs
   		where [name][email protected];
   	end
   
   	drop table #dbs;
   
   	declare @dt_back date=CAST(DateAdd(day,-1,@dt) as date);
   
   	;with tbl1 as (
   		select [Date], 
   			   [CountRows],
   			   [DataKB],
   			   [IndexSizeKB],
   			   [UnusedKB],
   			   [ReservedKB],
   			   [ServerName], 
   			   [DBName], 
   			   [SchemaName], 
   			   [TableName],
   			   [TotalPageSizeKB],
   			   [UsedPageSizeKB],
   			   [DataPageSizeKB]
   		from [srv].[TableStatistics]
   		where [Date][email protected]_back
   	)
   	, tbl2 as (
   		select [Date], 
   			   [CountRows], 
   			   [CountRowsBack],
   			   [DataKBBack],
   			   [IndexSizeKBBack],
   			   [UnusedKBBack],
   			   [ReservedKBBack],
   			   [ServerName], 
   			   [DBName], 
   			   [SchemaName], 
   			   [TableName],
   			   [TotalPageSizeKBBack],
   			   [UsedPageSizeKBBack],
   			   [DataPageSizeKBBack]
   		from [srv].[TableStatistics]
   		where [Date][email protected]
   	)
   	update t2
   	set t2.[CountRowsBack]		=t1.[CountRows],
   		t2.[DataKBBack]			=t1.[DataKB],
   		t2.[IndexSizeKBBack]	=t1.[IndexSizeKB],
   		t2.[UnusedKBBack]		=t1.[UnusedKB],
   		t2.[ReservedKBBack]		=t1.[ReservedKB],
   		t2.[TotalPageSizeKBBack]=t1.[TotalPageSizeKB],
   		t2.[UsedPageSizeKBBack]	=t1.[UsedPageSizeKB],
   		t2.[DataPageSizeKBBack]	=t1.[DataPageSizeKB]
   	from tbl1 as t1
   	inner join tbl2 as t2 on t1.[Date]=DateAdd(day,-1,t2.[Date])
   	and t1.[ServerName]=t2.[ServerName]
   	and t1.[DBName]=t2.[DBName]
   	and t1.[SchemaName]=t2.[SchemaName]
   	and t1.[TableName]=t2.[TableName];
   
   	;with tbl1 as (
   		select [Date], 
   			   [CountRows], 
   			   [CountRowsNext],
   			   [DataKBNext],
   			   [IndexSizeKBNext],
   			   [UnusedKBNext],
   			   [ReservedKBNext],
   			   [ServerName], 
   			   [DBName], 
   			   [SchemaName], 
   			   [TableName],
   			   [TotalPageSizeKBNext],
   			   [UsedPageSizeKBNext],
   			   [DataPageSizeKBNext]
   		from [srv].[TableStatistics]
   		where [Date][email protected]_back
   	)
   	, tbl2 as (
   		select [Date], 
   			   [CountRows],
   			   [DataKB],
   			   [IndexSizeKB],
   			   [UnusedKB],
   			   [ReservedKB],
   			   [ServerName], 
   			   [DBName], 
   			   [SchemaName], 
   			   [TableName],
   			   [TotalPageSizeKB],
   			   [UsedPageSizeKB],
   			   [DataPageSizeKB]
   		from [srv].[TableStatistics]
   		where [Date][email protected]
   	)
   	update t1
   	set t1.[CountRowsNext]		=t2.[CountRows],
   		t1.[DataKBNext]			=t2.[DataKB],
   		t1.[IndexSizeKBNext]	=t2.[IndexSizeKB],
   		t1.[UnusedKBNext]		=t2.[UnusedKB],
   		t1.[ReservedKBNext]		=t2.[ReservedKB],
   		t1.[TotalPageSizeKBNext]=t2.[TotalPageSizeKB],
   		t1.[UsedPageSizeKBNext]	=t2.[UsedPageSizeKB],
   		t1.[DataPageSizeKBNext]	=t2.[DataPageSizeKB]
   	from tbl1 as t1
   	inner join tbl2 as t2 on t1.[Date]=DateAdd(day,-1,t2.[Date])
   	and t1.[ServerName]=t2.[ServerName]
   	and t1.[DBName]=t2.[DBName]
   	and t1.[SchemaName]=t2.[SchemaName]
   	and t1.[TableName]=t2.[TableName];
   END
   GO

   このソリューションは、MSSQLServerの必要なすべてのインスタンスからすべてのデータベースのテーブルのサイズに関するデータを収集するように変更できます。

4. 収集した情報でビューを定義します。

   USE [DATABASE_NAME]
   GO
   
   SET ANSI_NULLS ON
   GO
   
   SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
   GO
   
   create view [srv].[vTableStatisticsShort] as 
   with d as (select DateAdd(day,-1,max([Date])) as [Date] from [srv].[TableStatistics])
   SELECT t.[ServerName]
         ,t.[DBName]
         ,t.[SchemaName]
         ,t.[TableName]
         ,t.[CountRows]
         ,t.[DataKB]
         ,t.[IndexSizeKB]
         ,t.[UnusedKB]
         ,t.[ReservedKB]
         ,t.[InsertUTCDate]
         ,t.[Date]
         ,t.[CountRowsBack]
         ,t.[CountRowsNext]
         ,t.[DataKBBack]
         ,t.[DataKBNext]
         ,t.[IndexSizeKBBack]
         ,t.[IndexSizeKBNext]
         ,t.[UnusedKBBack]
         ,t.[UnusedKBNext]
         ,t.[ReservedKBBack]
         ,t.[ReservedKBNext]
         ,t.[AvgCountRows]
         ,t.[AvgDataKB]
         ,t.[AvgIndexSizeKB]
         ,t.[AvgUnusedKB]
         ,t.[AvgReservedKB]
         ,t.[DiffCountRows]
         ,t.[DiffDataKB]
         ,t.[DiffIndexSizeKB]
         ,t.[DiffUnusedKB]
         ,t.[DiffReservedKB]
         ,t.[TotalPageSizeKB]
         ,t.[TotalPageSizeKBBack]
         ,t.[TotalPageSizeKBNext]
         ,t.[UsedPageSizeKB]
         ,t.[UsedPageSizeKBBack]
         ,t.[UsedPageSizeKBNext]
         ,t.[DataPageSizeKB]
         ,t.[DataPageSizeKBBack]
         ,t.[DataPageSizeKBNext]
         ,t.[AvgDataPageSizeKB]
         ,t.[AvgUsedPageSizeKB]
         ,t.[AvgTotalPageSizeKB]
         ,t.[DiffDataPageSizeKB]
         ,t.[DiffUsedPageSizeKB]
         ,t.[DiffTotalPageSizeKB]
     FROM d
     inner join [SRV].[srv].[TableStatistics] as t on d.[Date]=t.[Date]
     where t.[CountRowsBack] is not null
   	and	t.[CountRowsNext] is not null
   GO

   ここで、Diffに注目したいと思います。 0より大きい場合は、テーブルが毎日速く成長することを意味します。

   コレクションは24時間に1回作成されることになっています。

   同様に、次のビューを使用して、すべてのデータベースのファイル増加の収集を自動化できます。

   USE [DATABASE_NAME]
   GO
   
   SET ANSI_NULLS ON
   GO
   
   SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
   GO
   
   select	t2.[DB_Name] as [DBName]
   			,t1.FileId 
   			,t1.NumberReads
   			,t1.BytesRead
   			,t1.IoStallReadMS
   			,t1.NumberWrites
   			,t1.BytesWritten
   			,t1.IoStallWriteMS 
   			,t1.IoStallMS
   			,t1.BytesOnDisk
   			,t1.[TimeStamp]
   			,t1.FileHandle
   			,t2.[Type_desc]
   			,t2.[FileName]
   			,t2.[Drive]
   			,t2.[Physical_Name]
   			,t2.[Ext]
   			,t2.[CountPage]
   			,t2.[SizeMb]
   			,t2.[SizeGb]
   			,t2.[Growth]
   			,t2.[GrowthMb]
   			,t2.[GrowthGb]
   			,t2.[GrowthPercent]
   			,t2.[is_percent_growth]
   			,t2.[database_id]
   			,t2.[State]
   			,t2.[StateDesc]
   			,t2.[IsMediaReadOnly]
   			,t2.[IsReadOnly]
   			,t2.[IsSpace]
   			,t2.[IsNameReserved]
   			,t2.[CreateLsn]
   			,t2.[DropLsn]
   			,t2.[ReadOnlyLsn]
   			,t2.[ReadWriteLsn]
   			,t2.[DifferentialBaseLsn]
   			,t2.[DifferentialBaseGuid]
   			,t2.[DifferentialBaseTime]
   			,t2.[RedoStartLsn]
   			,t2.[RedoStartForkGuid]
   			,t2.[RedoTargetLsn]
   			,t2.[RedoTargetForkGuid]
   			,t2.[BackupLsn]
   from fn_virtualfilestats(NULL, NULL) as t1
   inner join [inf].[ServerDBFileInfo] as t2 on t1.[DbId]=t2.[database_id] and t1.[FileId]=t2.[File_Id]
   GO

結果

この記事では、すべてのSQLServerテーブルとすべてのデータベースのファイルのサイズと拡張に関するデータ収集を自動化する例について説明しました。これにより、データベースファイルとそのテーブルの両方のサイズの変更を完全に制御できるだけでなく、テーブルまたはファイルを削減したり、データストレージデバイスを増やしたり、情報を複数のデータストレージデバイスに分割したりするためのタイムリーな対策を講じることができます。